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Ornamental diamonds are sorted and graded for value according to several basic criteria: weight, cut, clarity, and the present or absence of blemishes.

(1) for
(2) criteria
(3) clarity
(4) present



As a general rule, the information processing capacity of computers of a given size it doubles every year or so.

(1) As
(2) given
(3) it
(4) or so



Some scientists believe that the subjective perception of a child’s “cuteness” is a psychological response that evolved to help support the relative long child rearing period among primates.

(1) child’s
(2) support
(3) relative
(4) among



The random nature of genetic mutations provides a functionally neutral series of changes which are sorted out – - – the non-random process of natural selection.

(1) in accordance
(2) according
(3) according to
(4) of accord



Originally considered to be primarily a subfield of medicine, veterinary science – - – into a broader, interdisciplinary field.

(1) has more recently developed
(2) to more recently develop
(3) more recently development
(4) of more recently developing



Some theorists believe that monotheistic religions developed out of polytheistic believing.

(1) theorists
(2) that
(3) religions
(4) believing



It took billions of years for life to emerge on earth, but the process of evolution produced that intelligent life was, relatively speaking, virtually instantaneous.

(1) for life
(2) earth
(3) produced that
(4) virtually



The United Nations was formed in hopes that it would help prevent further – - – by providing a universal forum for the resolution of international disputes.

(1) world warring
(2) the world war
(3) a world war
(4) world wars



Atmospheric precipitation can take many forms, the most common being – - -, snow, sleet and hail.

(1) raining
(2) to rain
(3) rain
(4) rained



Many trees have developed the capacity to store water in their leaves when the air is moist and – - – it during drier periods to increase the humidity of the surrounding soil and air.

(1) releasing
(2) released
(3) release
(4) would release



The asexual multiplication of bacteria can be extremely rapid, with cells – - – every 18-20 minutes under some conditions.

(1) divides
(2) divide
(3) and divide
(4) dividing



The earliest Christians typically worshipped in the homes of the wealthier members of the congregation, and – - – until the time of Constantine that they began to develop a tradition of specifically religious architecture.

(1) it wasn’t
(2) they weren’t
(3) they didn’t
(4) it didn’t



The boundaries of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia were in constant flux due warfare and political instability.

(1) boundaries
(2) in
(3) due
(4) political



In anatomy, the term “sinus” can refer to just about any kinds of cavity that is filled with blood.

(1) anatomy
(2) to
(3) kinds
(4) with



Military aircraft fitted with armor and extensive weaponry are generally less maneuverable than – - -.

(1) minimal firepower
(2) those with minimal firepower
(3) minimal firepower are
(4) those are minimal firepower



The element phosphorous was first isolated and purified by 17th century alchemists, who derived it – - – the residue of evaporated urine.

(1) at
(2) to
(3) in
(4) from



In the coming years, the building of a renewable, – - -, society based on the concepts of recycling and zero-emissions will become a crucial issue.

(1) the cyclical
(2) it is cyclical
(3) or cyclical
(4) is cyclical



Salt, sugar, alcohol and carbon dioxide that are all substances that are commonly consumed in solution with water.

(1) that are
(2) that are
(3) commonly
(4) with



Structures built according to traditional post-and-beam architecture lack the diagonally support that can be crucial to avoid collapse during earthquakes.

(1) according to
(2) lack
(3) diagonally
(4) during



The development of modern chemistry was the culmination of a four-thousands-year process that began with ancient musing on the nature of matter and the composition of the universe.

(1) four-thousands-year
(2) that
(3) musing
(4) matter



Without systematic supervision, inspection and controlling during slaughter, meat can be a serious source of infection.

(1) Without
(2) controlling
(3) during
(4) a



Human societies have developed a great many forms of greeting, from the relatively primitive embrace until sniffing or rubbing noses, weeping, kissing, kneeling, bowing, shaking hands and exchanging words.

(1) a
(2) greeting
(3) until
(4) exchanging



- – - of currency is a major factor contributing to inflation.

(1) The persistent overproduction
(2) Overproduction persistently
(3) The overproduction is persistent
(4) A persistent overproduced



Maritime law, – - – as admiralty law, governs the shipping industry.

(1) that is also known
(2) which is also knowing
(3) has also been known
(4) also known



In an absolute democracy, important decisions must be made according to the majority opinion of the entire population, – - – representatives elected by specified segments of the population.

(1) instead rather than
(2) rather than by
(3) by instead
(4) the rather than



The city of Council Bluffs in southwestern Iowa – - – name from the fact that American explorers Lewis and Clark passed through the area in 1804, holding a council with the Indians of the area.

(1) derived it
(2) has been derived
(3) derives its
(4) is deriving



Some modern-day lizards are capable – - – on their hind legs but only for brief runs, unlike their dinosaur ancestors, some of whom were entirely bipedal.

(1) of walking
(2) to walk
(3) walk
(4) walking



The human gall bladder is an hollow avocado-shaped organ on the underside of the liver that stores bile, the digestive juice secreted by the liver.



One of Abraham Lincoln’s earliest memories was of watching a flood to wash away a field of corn and pumpkin seeds he had planted with his father.

(1) One
(2) was
(3) to wash
(4) with



The philosopher, man of letters and proponent of science Francis Bacon was born enough early to have lived during the transition between medieval and modern thought.

(1) man
(2) enough early
(3) during
(4) between